The structure of the chloroplast is adapted to its function in photosynthesis.

Light dependent reactions take place in the intermembrane space of the thylakoids.

Absorption of light by photosystems generates excited electrons.

Photolysis of water generates electrons for use in the light-dependent reactions.

Transfer of excited electrons occurs between carriers in the thylakoid membranes.

Excited electrons from Photosystem I are used to reduce NADP.

Light-independent reactions take place in the stroma.

(All the equations involved in the light independent and dependent reactions.)

In the light-independent reactions a carboxylase enzyme catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose biphosphate.

Glycerate 3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate using reduced NADP and ATP.

Triose phosphate is used to regenerate RuBP and produce carbohydrates.

Ribulose biphosphate is reformed using ATP.

Cell respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.

Phosphorylation of molecules makes them less stable

Glycolysis gives a small net gain of ATP without the use of oxygen

In aerobic respiration pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized, and converted into acetyl compound. In the link reaction this is attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A.

In the Krebs cycle, the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to the reduction of hydrogen carriers, liberating carbon dioxide.

Energy released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD.

Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is coupled to proton pumping.

In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient, resulting in the formation of water.

The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs.

Decarboxylation
Oxidative Decarboxylation
ATP Synthase

Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate the adaptations to its function.
(Annotated Diagram)